Relationship between Length of Roundtail Chub and Infection Intensity of Asian Fish TapewormBothriocephalus acheilognathi

A histological survey of the commercially edible mussels Mytilus platensis and M. chilensis from wild and cultivated populations along the coast of Patagonia, Argentina (42°00’ to 54°47’S), was carried out to determine their health status. Diagnostic results included 3 types of inflammatory responses (infiltrative, nodular, and encapsulation), disseminated neoplasia disease, 2 abnormal reproductive conditions (gonadal atresia and intersex), prokaryotic inclusions, protozoans, and metazoans. Pathogen prevalence and infection intensity among mussels of different sampling sites and between those of wild and cultivated populations were compared. Inflammatory responses were recorded in all mussels from all sites, while disseminated neoplasia only occurred in the most southern cultivated M. chilensis. Intracellular prokaryotic inclusions were broadly distributed in the mussels from both northern and southern Patagonian coasts. Ciliates showed the highest prevalence among wild mussels from the colder waters of Bahía Brown. Turbellaria were recorded at higher prevalence in cultured mussels (41.7%), and trematode metacercariae occurred exclusively in intertidal wild mussels. None of the parasites found appears to be a problem to the fishery or farming, although disseminated neoplasia should be monitored. In addition, we found that mytilid species coexisting with M. platensis (Aulacomya atra and Perumytilus purpuratus) at one location shared the same pathological conditions and parasites, which differed from those of M. platensis at a distant locality. These results suggest that pathological conditions and parasites were influenced more by ecological habitat factors than by the species of mussels present, based on similar parasite assemblages found among closely related mytilid hosts in the same geographical area.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Age- and infection intensity-dependent cytokine and antibody production in human trichuriasis: the importance of IgE.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1004706.51067 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

William Evan Secor

Keyword(s):

Antibody Production ◽

Infection Intensity

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Culture of Roundtail Chub, Gila robusta robusta (Cyprinidae), through the Larval Period

The Southwestern Naturalist ◽

10.2307/3670673 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 152 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert T. Muth ◽

Charles M. Haynes ◽

Clarence A. Carlson

Keyword(s):

Larval Period ◽

Roundtail Chub

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Chronic Wasting Due to Liver and Rumen Flukes in Sheep

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 549

Author(s):

Alexandra Kahl ◽

Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna ◽

Jürgen Krücken ◽

Martin Ganter

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Liver Parenchyma ◽

Trematode Species ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Juvenile Worm ◽

Juvenile Stages ◽

Common Liver Fluke

Grazing sheep and goats are constantly exposed to helminth infections in many parts of the world, including several trematode species that causes a range of clinical diseases. The clinical picture of flukes is dependent upon the organs in which they develop and the tissues they damage within the respective organs. Accordingly, infections with the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, which, as juvenile worm migrates through the liver parenchyma for several weeks, may be associated with hepatic disorders such as impairment of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, followed by chronic wasting. In contrast, the lancet fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum, which does not exhibit tissue migration and thus does not lead to major tissue damage and bleeding, also does not lead to significant clinical symptoms. Rumen flukes such as Cotylophoron daubneyi cause catarrhal inflammation during their migration through the intestinal and abomasal epithelium during its juvenile stages. Depending on the infection intensity this may result in a range of clinical symptoms including diarrhoea, inappetence or emaciation. In this review, we aim to provide an update on the current knowledge on flukes particularly concerning the clinical relevance of the most important fluke species in sheep.

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Interactions between parasites of the cockleAustrovenus stutchburyi: hitch-hikers, resident-cleaners, and habitat-facilitators

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182006001478 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 134 (2) ◽

pp. 247-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

T. L. F. LEUNG ◽

R. POULIN

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Parasite Species ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Positive Association ◽

Parasite Community ◽

Transmission Route ◽

Interspecific Associations ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Austrovenus Stutchburyi ◽

Rate Of Accumulation

The patterns of association between parasites within a particular host are determined by a number of factors. One of these factors is whether or not infection by one parasite influences the probability of acquiring other parasite species. This study investigates the pattern of association between various parasites of the New Zealand cockleAustrovenus stutchburyi. Hundreds of cockles were collected from one locality within Otago Harbour, New Zealand and examined for trematode metacercariae and other symbionts. Two interspecific associations emerged from the study. First, the presence of the myicolid copepodPseudomyicola spinosuswas positively associated with higher infection intensity by echinostomes. The side-effect of the copepod's activities within the cockle is suggested as the proximate mechanism that facilitates infection by echinostome cercariae, leading to a greater rate of accumulation of metacercariae in cockles harbouring the copepod. Second, a positive association was also found between infection intensity of the metacercariae of foot-encysting echinostomes and that of gymnophallid metacercariae. This supports earlier findings and suggests that the gymnophallid is a hitch-hiker parasite because, in addition to the pattern of positive association, it (a) shares the same transmission route as the echinostomes, and (b) unlike the echinostomes, it is not capable of increasing the host's susceptibility to avian predation. Thus, both active hitch-hiking and incidental facilitation lead to non-random infection patterns in this parasite community.

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On the effect of postponing pregnancy in a Zika transmission model

Advances in Difference Equations ◽

10.1186/s13662-021-03308-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Edy Soewono ◽

Glenn Lahodny

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Analysis ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

Recruitment Rate ◽

The Other ◽

Transmission Model ◽

Basic Reproductive Ratio ◽

Numerical Investigations ◽

The Individual ◽

Endemic State

AbstractWe construct a Zika transmission model to investigate the effect of postponing pregnancy on the infection intensity. We perform analytical and numerical investigations for deterministic and stochastic analysis to obtain the basic reproductive ratio, endemic state, probability of disease extinction, and the probability of outbreak. The results indicate that by reducing the pregnancy rate the mosquito-to-human ratio increases, and, consequently, the basic reproductive ratio increases. Simultaneously, the probability of disease extinction decreases, and the probability of disease outbreak increases. On the other hand, the endemic state of infected infants initially increases with the decrease of the pregnancy recruitment rate, up to a certain level, and decreases as the recruitment rate of pregnancy tends to zero. This work highlights that postponing pregnancy that gives the individual temporary protection for unexpected infected newborns may increase the population infectivity.

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Pentastomids infecting an invader lizard, Hemidactylus mabouia (Gekkonidae) in northeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842008000300019 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 611-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

LA. Anjos ◽

WO. Almeida ◽

A. Vasconcellos ◽

EMX. Freire ◽

CFD. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Feeding Habits ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

First Record ◽

Host Population ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Parasitism Rate ◽

Intensity Of Infection ◽

New Host ◽

Single Host ◽

Hemidactylus Mabouia

From January to April 2006, 37 specimens of Hemidactylus mabouia were collected in houses, in the municipality of Barbalha (7° 20' S and 39° 18' W), Ceará State, Northeast Brazil. Among the individuals captured, 17 were infected with pentastomids, totalling a prevalence of 45.9%, which did not differ between sexes. Host size did not influence the infection intensity. Two species of pentastomids were found: Raillietiella frenatus and R. mottae. The prevalence of R. frenatus (43.2%) was higher than R. mottae (2.7%), whereas the infection intensity of R. frenatus was comparatively lower (1.8 ± 1.4) than R. mottae (36 parasites in a single host). Overall mean intensity of infection was 3.8 ± 8.4 pentastomids. We found no pentastomid infecting juvenile geckos. The parameters of infection in this host population are in accordance to the findings of other studies, in which the high parasitism rate was associated to the feeding habits of geckos living in houses and buildings. Hemidactylus mabouia is a new host to R. mottae and the infection by R. frenatus is the first record of the occurrence this pentastomid species in Brazil.

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